Local authorities in Spain do have the authority to enact their own law-ish regulations, which are called 'ordenanzas'. For example, if I remember correctly, motorbikes are allowed to park on the pavement by default in Barcelona unless a sign says otherwise, but it is forbidden in Madrid unless a sign explicitly allows it.
I think local government in Spain has at least as much authority as it does in the UK, maybe more, but almost certainly less than it does in the US.
"By-laws" is typically the name of the rules/"laws" inside of a company or organization, I'm not familiar with that word in the context of "nation-wide criminal/civil laws".
Regardless, cities do not have their own "local laws" in the way your comment made it seem. We have national laws, and minor differences in various autonomous communities, since they have some legislative power to control their own industry, commerce, education and some more stuff.
Corps and cities are very similarly structured. Each are charted at the start, with corps getting governed by boards and c-suite types while cities have mayors and city council types. Both file paperwork to exist within the state. Both are subject to state laws, but are allowed to make up regulations specific to them as long as they are within the state's laws.
In the end, it's all just paperwork, at least in the US
No, I was talking about Spain, I have no idea how it works in the US. I thought mentioning "autonomous communities" was enough context to make it evident, but maybe it wasn't.
I was misled then by the word being in English. The name bye-law in British English generally applies to local authority (town or county) laws rather than the internal rules of a commercial entity.
200 people can't board at the same second. Reality is you want orderly boarding over the course of ~ 10-15mins depending on passenger makeup. Crew also need to account for passenger with additional needs, catering recharge, etc
So Lloyds is willing to reimburse the first crash test dummy if things go wrong while testing the waters. But unless they've figured out how to bring people back to life I don't think I'd want to be on the crew.
Iran has indicated they will only target ships tied to countries that are involved in the conflict.
That likely means US and Israel. Unclear if countries like the UK that are facilitating the US through use of their bases would be considered legitimate targets (likely yes).
That’s an interesting idea. I think the fiber optics for drones works because it is only used once over a short period of time. It seems like a cable connected to a mine could be easily disrupted by dragging an anchor with a small robot boat.
And as another commenter noted, mines get moved by currents, so the cable could get tangled and snap.
In the modern era, the difference between sea mine and drone or torpedo can be a lot fuzzier than you may expect. People think of spikey balls, but some sea mines today can do stuff like use passive sonar to match targets against an internal database before firing a homing torpedo. I doubt Iran has these, but they certainly have the proficiency to think creatively about the problem.
I mean you could have some slack in the cable easily, and have the mine become intert should its cable snap.
You have to be mindful of enemy tampering, but overal I would say the idea's worth investigating.
On an unrelated note, I was also thinking of using fiber optic drones to rapidly set up an unjammable communications network on the battlefield. Surely that would be useful for something?
That’s not fundamental to how mines work. You could arm/disarm them remotely, either manually or via transponder. But I assume most mines are not like this.
Easy: you mine the straight except the water immediately near your shores, where you can control the boat. We don't know about the mining part (the straight may or may not be mined yet) but the second part is what the Iranians are doing right now (the tankers which cross are doing to between Qeshm Island and mainland Iran, not in the straight proper)
Unfortunately Iran's leadership is in a bit of distress and communication disrupted, and "involved in the conflict" is a very broad term - so they do make some effort to get chinese oil out, but any ship not asking for explicit permission from Iran - will have some great risk of being targeted.
Remember, the strait is not Iranian property, but International waters. So no one would have to ask them for permission, but that is the way it is and most do not risk it (insurance won't cover).
There was a major storm that disrupted infrastructure across the west coast of Ireland last year. Turned out a lot of infrastructure couldn't survive multi-day grid power loss (water plants, cell tower repeaters, etc).
Starlink is a solid backup for mitigating the risk of such disruption by having no local dependencies other than ability to power the CPE.
Nice job dodging the awkwardness of whether to include Ireland, Northern Ireland, etc (IE and NI operate as a single, all-island wholesale electricity market). :)
I actually have plans to include Ireland and Northern Ireland once I get the GB side nailed down. The data seems to be mostly available though I'd have to really think about how to make it work well on the app as it'd be a pretty fundamental change to how things currently work (assumes a single market).
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