Regarding the growing log in CRDTs, it doesn't have to be that way. Most of these popular CRDT libs use Merkle DAG only to build up the log of the changes. But there is a better way, you can combine a Merkle DAG for ordering + prolly trees for storing the actual state of the data. That gives you total ordering, an easy way to prune old data when you choose to, and an easy way to sync. Look into fireproof for how this is combined.
Regarding distributed schemas, I agree, there's a lot of complexity there but it's worth looking into projects like https://www.inkandswitch.com/cambria/ and https://github.com/grafana/thema, which try to solve the problem. It's a young space though. If anyone else knows about similar projects or efforts, please let me know. Very interested in the space.
As far as I understand, libraries like Automerge use the Merkle DAG to encode a document as an immutable bundle of state changes aka operation log + the causal ordering which enables conflict free merging between multiple peers. The final document is reconstructed by combining the state transitions. So the Merkle DAG is both the state and the causal relationship between mutations which allows the merge "magic".
Prolly trees allow you to store history independent data which is trivial to sync, diff and merge, regardless of insert order, merge order or originating peer. A Merkle DAG layered on top of prolly trees (event reference prolly tree roots) gives you causality so that peers can agree on a common view of history. So it's very useful because you can check integrity and travel in time, but you can keep as much of it as you want, because it's not necessary for constructing the current state. Prolly trees give you the current state and the easy syncing, diff,merge. So you can truncate the history as needed for your use case.
Prolly trees can act as CRDTs if you have a merge function that always merges and doesn’t block.
So my initial comment merely tried to make the point that there is a design space where you’re not stuck with the tradeoff of carrying the full Merkle DAG history just to be able to reconstruct the latest version of your document.
It’s clear that even in 2026 most people still don’t get the pixel density (PPI) argument. Or perhaps they get it but they don’t appreciate it. For me, any monitor that is not HIDPI (218 ppi) is a non starter. Maybe my eyesight is better than the average but looking at a non-retina display seems atrocious after having spent time working on a retina display.
Ironically I find this even more true for text. It's not just photographers that need the HiDPI - it's people reading and writing text who benefit as well.
Yeah I've always ascribed to the idea that the monitor is the most important part of the computer. Everything else is secondary because you can workaround a lot of other problems with a computer but there's no overcoming a low quality display.
Super disappointed that the base model doesn't get 120hz. I own the old model and it's great, but I will have to look for an alternative 5k display with 120hz refresh rate. There are a few on the market now, and I won't pay 3.5k for 120hz.
I know, and neither of these options are feasible for me. I can't get the early access and I am not willing to drop $250 in order to just try their new model. By the time I can use it, the other two companies have something similar and I lose my interest in Google's models.
I agree with your characterisation of what is going on, and at some point, the EU states will have to decide for full fiscal integration or for removing the common currency. You can't have a common currency without a common fiscal union. So we either have to integrate more or desintegrate more, this inbetween we have now is not working very well. Speaking as a European, not sure what is better.
Not related to the comment, but in general I agree with you.
You can't have a single monetary system without complete unification, including tax systems, budgeting systems, governance models, retirement systems, benefits. I mean, you can, like we have now, but it's not sustainable, and eventually we all have it worse.
As a European, I would not want to go that way, since I'm afraid such a unified EU will be a bureaucratic monster that is even more centralized than the USA, and way more autocratic than any current EU state.
I'd rather take a step back, dissolve much of the EU's competences, and go back to pure trade union, dissolve the EURO as a currency, and let every member state take sovereign decisions on their own.
Even more centralized than the USA? That must be an outsider's view. You are aware that each state has its own tax laws? Corporate laws? Even criminal laws and traffic laws? And so on? Obviously there is federal law, too, but that's more of an umbrella covering all states in addition to local laws. The USA is a federation, just like Germany, Switzerland, or Austria are federations, and one common complaint you get out of these nations all the time is that they are not centralized enough!
The EU, on the other hand, is not a federation, it is a association of nations trying to figure out how to go together, be it as a federation or something different, because in today's world you need size and power to survive. Any EU state alone would be insignificant on the world stage and being sidelined one way or the other. The most powerful inside the EU would suffer the most, e.g. Germany or France, because while the EU is second or third on many metrics, the individual nations are small. Depending on which ranking you look at, the EU is just behind the USA in military and economic power, sometimes it is behind China in economy, too.
The strongest individual economic power of the EU is Germany, which globally usually comes in 4th place after the USA, China, and the EU as a whole. But this is deceiving, when you look at the absolute numbers. Germany's output is impressive for its size, but is still only about a quarter of China's! Germany alone is a dwarf and without the EU would be inconsequential. The post-Brexit UK is just learning this the hard way and all the sovereignity does not matter a damn. The top leadership of EU nations are not stupid, even if they could explain their reasoning better, and thus try to keep the EU going, despite its many flaws.
I recently became much more pro-total-unification, so let me give you this counterpoint: individually, European nations are no match to the major superpowers, neither economically nor militarily. We'll get gutted by divide-and-conquer approach. In contrast, bound much closer together (particularly with some form of pan-european armed forces), the EU would become a proper global superpower and a counterbalance for the USA and China.
There is not a single example of a multiethnic or culturally diverse empire or state that was successful after the rise of nation-states at the end of the 19th century.
All of them crumbled either peacefully or in bloody wars.
Why do you think such a bureaucratic monster that no one really wants would be an exception?
Maybe we can try it again in the 24th century, when the humans evolve enough, but for now, your best bet for a successful country is either an ethnonational or religion-national state.
You cant really believe any of the EU countries actually want to work together? The EU was only possible with the premise of countries keeping their autonomy. Believe me when I say that us Germans would rather go to war than merge with France, just as an example.
As a video game programmer, I can speak to this. For video games, we generally need geometry. Flat planes, things you can collide against, things we can reason about. Gaussian splats work as a bunch of 2D images stuck on top of each other, that in combination look correct. This is great for rendering, but makes it very very difficult/impossible to figure out whether you are inside some geometry or not, because it doesn't have any. it doesn't give you any way to reason about it as solid geometry. So in the end, you have to create the geometry that is the solid surfaces that you will collide against and move around in, and gaussian splats would be independent of that. Once you have all the geometry, its much easier to just render that.
There are tools that will generate geometry from splats, but its generally not very good, and gives messy results. Fixing the messiness is often more work than just re-doing it from scratch. This is another incredibly difficult problem that hasn't been solved particularly well.
That's why Hollywood movies are so expensive. When they have a scene with spider man jumping around in New York, they have to pay a fee to every owner of real estate depicted in the scene.
Worst of all is of course space documentaries, where you can see the whole Earth. The licensing fees are horrendous.
I work in Hollywood and this is or true. We do not have to pay to have buildings in the background. Nor does TV. How would anything be filmed outside if news crews had to pay fees for filming like that? I have made films in NY, London, Paris, Sydney. We can shoot someone walking through a city as long as we have permits for the space. The skyline is free. As is anything else we capture from space we have rights to.
Regarding distributed schemas, I agree, there's a lot of complexity there but it's worth looking into projects like https://www.inkandswitch.com/cambria/ and https://github.com/grafana/thema, which try to solve the problem. It's a young space though. If anyone else knows about similar projects or efforts, please let me know. Very interested in the space.
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