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Didn't an existing class hierarchy (at least in part) enable the Normans to do this? When the aristocratic army was defeated, the entire country was defenceless and they could replace the existing aristocracy.

Indeed, and having replaced the aristocracy they let the 'lower classes' carry on much as they had before, continuing with their existing customs and (lower level) forms of governance - just with new 'top bosses' if you will.

So in comparison to other places that did not have such a wholesale aristocracy replacement, this really cemented the class divide. No longer was the aristocracy 'like you but richer/more powerful', but quite different - different language, customs etc.

1066 was the last successful invasion of the British mainland, so, aside from the odd civil war, no sweeping 'cataclysm' occurred to shake things up. We didn't even have a revolution like the French, instead a gradual (over centuries!) transition to our current democratic system, with a constitutional monarchy (itself a remnant of the old ruling system).


That odd civil war was more than a tiny bit like revolutions elsewhere though (violent beheadings, paranoid totalitarianism, bourgeois ascendancy) - it just happened a little earlier than others. British history is all gradual and continuous, except for the big abrupt cataclysm in the middle of it.

Right, but after about 11 years of Puritan government, people wanted Christmas back, so the monarchy was restored (but with a tacit understanding that sovereignty now laid with Parliament).

Usually by giving away free money to reach critical mass.

The code might be a little verbose which is tiresome for humans to read and follow. Structure and functions look idiomatic. It seems to be using xml parser idioms which makes it readable.

It could be doing double checks in both tokeniser and parser and things like that.

Actually looks like a good starting point and reference for someone working on xml parsers in rust.


Also knowing (archaic?) Scandinavian helps a little more.

"swa" is like a contraction of german "so wie". sindon is probably like german "sind": is/were.

soþ - sweet? gefeohte - past-tense born/nurtured/raised. ƿælfæst - wellfed. sƿylce - equivalent to modern "swole"? andƿlite - cognate with "anlete" which means face. ƿynsum - "finesome". searocræftum: specially-forceful (fantasy modern swedish cognate "särkraftigt"). "for þy" - since/because ("fördi"). forlætan: forgive.

ƿifode - wifed (strangely modern)

ofslean: probably closer to modern "avslå or "Abschlagen" than "slain". Defeat?

Ac - maybe like "ach"?

naƿiht: antonym to "evig"?

geƿitan - go/leave/escape/flee? (Scandinavian "vidd" means expansive landscape, cognate with "width" and "weit")

Nefne - negation of efne: "not even"?

stede - meaning is probably "farms" or "smallholdings"

gebunden - cognate with "bound", but the meaning is probably closer to "enserfed".

gefultumige - feels like past-tense of a verb that means "filled with"?

Squinting:

"And what she said was all sweet. I wifed her, and she was fully? beautiful wife, wise and wellfed . Not met I ever "swoler" woman. She was born so bold as any man, and though-whatis her face was fine and fair.

"Alas we never free were, since we never might from Wulfsfleet left, and never that Hlaford find and him defeat. That Hlaford had these places with such force bound, that no man may him forgive. We are here like birds in net, like fishes in weir.

"And we him secaþ git, both together, man and wife, through the dark strife this grim place. Whathere God us filled-with!"


If you suggest bad reasoning, do you think they would actually walk to the car wash and then be surprised the car wasn't there?

Or by reasoning, do you mean something else?


Yes, but a complete hardware mirror is only 2x the original cap. investment.

If bandwidth allows, you could even have local mirror in your office.


He's not hired to code. He has taste for "what works" in these types of things. They want him to apply that taste - maybe making new services or fixing old.


See: Rick Rubin.

"Rick Rubin says he barely plays any instruments and has no technical ability. He just knows what he likes and dislikes and is decisive about it."

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-rubin-anderson-cooper-60-m...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Rubin_production_discogra...


> it costs almost nothing to build an app, it costs almost nothing to clone an app.

For the types of apps that AI can clone on its own, this has always been true. It's the eternal bookstore example, recipe collection, or my-dvd-collection app. The type of apps that Basic and Visual Basic were designed for.

If there was value in selling subscriptions to an app like this, it was probably coincidental.


Watermark files per unique user and go after whoever leaks them.


Diff two copies and remove the diff.


I doubt they'd just add a UUID in a file header somewhere. If they uniquely modify the actual audio samples in a way that is inaudible during casual listening, that would be much harder to "diff", I think.


If it is inaudible then I can just remove the diff from both or overlap them or...


Can you guys catch up on the absolute basics of the last twenty years of audio watermarking research before continuing this conversation please dear god


Why not educate us oh wise one?

Are you saying that two audio files each watermarked for a specific different user will not show a difference? Because then I am genuinely interested in how they achieved that feat


That seems shaky in a lot of jurisdiction.

Watermarking might not be enough to prove that the person doing the distribution is the same one responsible of the leak. I fear at most it will be a contractual dispute between the person who received the watermarked file and the original distributor without the ability to easily link the overall counterfeiting charges.

But anyway, I don't think they really need to do that. They just need to shutdown any unauthorized distributors that make things too easy. As long as the friction introduced can convince people to pay a low subscription fee, they will be fine.


I think a latent embedding is almost equivalent to the article's hypernetwork, which I assume as y = (Wh + c)v + b, where h is a dataset-specific trainable vector. (The article uses multiple layers ...)


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