Are there any books or articles that go through the things that you’ve mentioned like how the class loader works etc? Most of the tutorials or books I have seen do not even touch this aspect and I want to get better at it.
Oracle documentations typically. And javadoc for those classes.
But I don't think it is such a key to anything. It is sort of stuff that is easy to learn when you need it, easy to forget and not useful most of time. It makes sense to read when you done learning other things, but not for beginners.