India has quite a way to go to break that boundary. The IT industry in India is basically a giant demonstration of the Dead Sea effect. The most talented engineers from India have been leaving the country in droves for decades. The local industry has a deservedly terrible reputation, which motivates more local talent to leave, further degrading the local labor market, which further incentivises people to leave...

I think the most promising signs for the local industry is that it’s starting to produce some rather successful home grown startups. Which are much more likely to attract local talent than the outsourcing body shops are.