We run hardware, our own physical servers, in a bunch of regions around the world. We have an API (and a CLI) that will take a Docker container (or a Dockerfile, or a bunch of other things), turn it into a VM, and it run it on that hardware. That VM is given a routable Anycast IP address, so your users will automatically tend to hit the closest instances of your app.
Having a go at writing the elevator pitch myself, since I think the others I've read have been overly technical.
It's a platform as a service. It'll take your docker application (usually a web application) and run it on the internet. It'll also allow you to run it in many locations around the world transparently (using the same IP address / anycast) so that users closer to those locations will get better/lower latency.
It's a CDN for your application.
(There's more to it than this, but as far as elevator pitches go, sufficient?)