No, it doesn't. Even a sysprepped image of Windows (which thus runs Setup to install drivers and finalize the installation) doesn't change the boot order on UEFI machines. I think just the installer does this when you first install Windows.
That's so weird. Normally I don't want my OS changing what is booted into on a whim, but going back into the same OS for cases like these just seems like sane behavior to me.
There's good reason you might not want that behavior, and no reason to enforce it. Booting an alternate OS doesn't interrupt Windows update operations.
