It kindof depends when a country did its investment into Internet infrastructure. More western countries did it first and are now stuck with older technologies that limit speed and capacity, where as the less modern countries put that investment in later and therefore have newer technologies like fibre.
Once an investment has been made it's hard to justify making another large investment, or if one is being made it becomes very political and captured by vested interests.
More western countries did it first and are now stuck with older technologies that limit speed and capacity, where as the less modern countries put that investment in later and therefore have newer technologies like fibre.
This is not necessary. These countries are also very rich and can afford to upgrade infrastructure. I am in The Netherlands and have 4Gbit fiber. At the end of 2024 there were 8 million fiber connections, whereas there are 8.4 million households. Heck, even my parents who live in a small remote village can get multi-gig fiber (though they are happy with their 100MBit).
Once an investment has been made it's hard to justify making another large investment, or if one is being made it becomes very political and captured by vested interests.